Archaeological studies were carried out
Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences conducted large-scale archaeological excavations in the most ancient monument belonging to the first half of IV millennium B.C. in Galayeri locality in the territory of Gabala. Galayeri is one of the monuments closely connected to early civilizations of Near East, belonging to the Leylatepe archaeological culture, spread mainly in the territory of Azerbaijan and systematic excavations in the monument are carried out since 2012. Studies conducted here, first of all, prove expansion of the Leylatepe culture in wide area. At the same time, excavations carried out in this monument have proved close connection of the roots of the Leylatepe culture along with Mesopotamian, also with Near Eastern ones of the same period. Discovered remainders of architectural constructions, ceramics which are the products of mass production, instruments made of stone, bone, metal are analogical to findings of last monuments of Chalcolithic period of Near East, in particular of the locality Arslantepe. In particular, parallels of constructions from earthen layers in Galayeri, from all Near Eastern and Caucasian regions are seen only from Arslantepe. As the other example the child graves discovered here can be given. Graves of 5 kids buried in various ceramic bowls were found out in the monument in this period of excavations. Overall, referred period is in the eve of the formation of early states in the Near East. Signs of exactly this period reflect themselves in the Galayeri monument. With regard to this, ceramic bowls need to be noted especially. Pottery signs met on them prove the existence of a control over production, certain hierarchic structure in society. All these in their turn show essential role of the Galayeri locality in studying the history of appearance of first signs of class society already six thousand years ago in Azerbaijan.
